Demonstrative Pronouns of Spanish

If youve already learned the demonstrative adjectives of Spanish, youll find it easy to learn the demonstrative pronouns. They serve basically the same purpose, acting as the equivalent of this, that, these or those in English. The main difference is that they (like other pronouns) stand for nouns rather than modify them. List of Spanish Demonstrative Pronouns Below are the demonstrative pronouns of Spanish. Notice that they are identical to the adjectives, except that most traditionally use accent marks, unlike the adjective forms, and that there is a neuter form. Singular masculine à ©ste (this)à ©se (that)aquà ©l (that, but further away in time, sentiment, or distance) Plural masculine or neuter à ©stos (these)à ©sos (those)aquà ©llos (those, but further away) Singular feminine à ©sta (this)à ©sa (that)aquà ©lla (that, but further away) Plural feminine à ©stas (these)à ©sas (those)aquà ©llas (those, but further away) Singular neuter esto (this)eso (that)aquello (that, but further away) The accents do not affect the pronunciation, but are used merely to distinguish adjectives and pronouns. (Such accents are known as orthographic accents.) The neuter pronouns do not have accents because they have no corresponding adjective forms. Strictly speaking, the accents arent mandatory on even the gendered forms if leaving them off wouldnt create confusion. Although the Royal Spanish Academy, a semiofficial arbiter of proper Spanish, once required the accents, it no longer does, but neither does it reject them. Use of the pronouns should seem straightforward, as they are used basically the same in both English and Spanish. The key difference is that Spanish requires use of the masculine pronoun when it substitutes for a masculine noun, and use of the feminine pronoun when it substitutes for a feminine noun. Also, while English does use its demonstrative pronouns standing alone, it also often uses forms such as this one and those ones. The one or ones shouldnt be translated separately into Spanish. The difference between the à ©se series of pronouns and aquà ©l series is the same as the difference between the ese series of demonstrative adjectives and the aquel series. Although à ©se and aquà ©l can both be translated as that, aquà ©l is used to refer to something further away in distance, time, or emotional feelings. Examples: Quiero esta flor. No quiero à ©sa.  (I want this flower. I dont want that one. Ésa is used because flor is feminine.)Me probà © muchas camisas. Voy a comprar à ©sta. (I tried on many shirts. Im going to buy this one. Ésta is used because camisa is feminine.)Me probà © muchos sombreros. Voy a comprar à ©ste.  (I tried on many hats. Im going to buy this one. Éste is used because sombrero is masculine.)Me gustan esas casas. No me gustan aquà ©llas. (I like those houses. I dont like those over there. Aquà ©llas is used because casa is feminine and the houses are distant from the speaker.)A mi amiga le gustan la bolsas de colores vivos. Voy a comprar à ©stas. (My friend likes colorful purses. I am going to buy these. Éstas is used because bolsas is plural feminine.) Using the Neuter Pronouns The neuter pronouns are never used to substitute for a specific noun. They are used to refer to an unknown object or to an idea or concept that isnt specifically named. (If you would have occasion to use a neuter plural, use the plural masculine form.) The use of eso is extremely common to refer to a situation that has just been stated. Examples:  ¿Quà © es esto? (What is this [unknown object]?)Esto es bueno. (This [referring to a situation rather than a specific object] is good.)El padre de Marà ­a murià ³. Por eso, està ¡ triste. (Marys father died. Because of that, shes sad.)Tengo que salir a las ocho. No olvides  eso. (I have to leave at eight. Dont forget that.)Quedà © impresionado por aquello. (I left affected by that.) Key Takeaways The demonstrative pronouns of Spanish are the equivalent of English pronouns such as this and these.The demonstrative pronouns must match the nouns they refer to in gender and number.Neuter demonstrative pronouns are used to refer to concepts and situations, not named objects.

Analysis Of George Orwell s Animal Farm - 969 Words

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Malunggay Bark Extract As Alternative Source Of Electricity Biology Essay Example For Students

Malunggay Bark Extract As Alternative Source Of Electricity Biology Essay The twenty-first century tendency is an epoch in which engineerings become portion of human lives. In this age, attempts and clip are exhausted by many persons or groups in order to make engineerings that can be utilized in any human enterprise. Conversely, for most of these inventions and innovations to map, electricity is required. In the Philippines, a state that is au courant with engineerings, bulk of the electricity demand is derived from electric power workss that are run by fossil fuels such as crude oil and coal. Furthermore, batteries which are portable beginning of the said energy are besides in usage. However, due to rapid addition in engineerings that require electricity, some jobs arise. At present, since there is a immense demand for electricity, fuel required to bring forth such energy becomes scarce. Peoples have realized that most of procedures and stuffs for electricity coevals have negative consequence on the environment and on wellness of homo. Hence, researches are conducted to detect green ( clean, natural, derive from biological beginning ) , low cost, and readily available alternate beginning of electricity. In line with this position, Filipinos actively take part to accomplish this intent by presenting malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) as an of import beginning of non lone nutrition and medical specialty but of electricity every bit good. Malunggay is a tree that sooner grows in states with tropical clime such as the Philippines. This tree can be easy propagated since malunggay can be grown from seeds or mature root film editings. In the state, this tree is normally found in family backyard, aligned with margin fencings, since the comestible and alimentary flowers, fruits, and foliages of malunggay are portion of the diet of Filipinos. Aside from the nutritionary value of some parts of malunggay, all parts of this tree are used in herbal medical specialty to bring around some diseases. Given that this tree can function several intents, malunggay becomes in demand. In visible radiation of the treatment of the environmental jobs and features of malunggay, a group of research workers conducted a survey entitled MOB Electricity: Malunggay Bark Extract as Alternative Source of Electricity , to demo that malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) bark infusion is a feasible alternate beginning of electricity ; accordingly, supplying an environment friendly, cheap and accessible beginning of electricity. At this point in clip, since there is a strong desire to better manner of life, great attending is given to engineerings. Due to this involvement, inventions and innovations which require electricity are continuously developed. Therefore, electricity must be continuously generated. On the contrary, most of the procedures and stuffs for electricity coevals pose jeopardies to the environment and human wellness. Therefore, a clean, low cost, and readily available beginning of electricity is needed, a ground that motivated the research workers to prosecute in this investigatory undertaking. Outline1 B. Statement of the Problem2 C. Hypotheses3 D. Significance of the Study4 E. Scopes and Restrictions5 F. Operational Definition of Footings6 Chapter II7 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE8 I. Introduction9 II. Electricity Generation10 III. Green Electricity11 IV. Malunggay Tree12 Chapter III13 Methodology14 Gathering of Materials/Equipments15 Collection of Zinc Plate and Carbon Rod16 Preparation of Malunggay Bark Extract17 A. Crude Extraction18 B. Ethanol Extraction19 Changing the Amount of Bark Extract20 Preparation of Jelly Form of Malunggay Bark Extract21 Measuring Voltage22 METHODOLOGICAL FLOWCHART23 Gathering of Materials/Equipments24 Collection of Zinc Plate and Carbon Rod25 Preparation of Malunggay Bark Extract26 Set-up 127 Liquid Form of Extract28 Set-up 229 Jelly Form of Extract30 Crude Extraction31 Ethanol Extraction32 Crude Extraction33 Ethanol Extraction34 Treatment I: 5 milliliters Extract35 Treatment II: 10 milliliters Extract36 Treatment III: 15 milliliters Extract3 7 Treatment I: 5 milliliters Extract38 5 ml Water39 10 g Gelatin Powder40 Treatment II: 10 milliliters Extract41 5 ml Water42 10 g Gelatin Powder43 Treatment III: 15 milliliters Extract44 5 ml Water45 10 g Gelatin Powder46 Measuring Voltage per Treatment47 Datas Gathering48 Tabulation and Statistical Analysis of Consequences49 Chapter IV50 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS51 Table 1.052 Set-up 153 Crude vs. Ethanol Method of Extraction54 ( Liquid Form of Extract )55 Treatment56 Sum of Extract57 Test58 Crude Extraction59 Ethanol Extraction60 Voltage ( V )61 Voltage ( V )62 Liquid Form of Extract63 I64 Two65 Three66 Table 2.067 Set-up 268 Crude vs. Ethanol Method of Extraction69 ( Jelly Form of Extract )70 Treatment71 Sum of Gelatin Powder ( g )72 Volume of Water ( milliliter )73 Volume of Extract ( milliliter )74 Test75 Crude Extraction76 Ethanol Extraction77 Voltage ( V )78 Voltage ( V )79 Jelly Form of Extract80 I81 Two82 Three83 Table 3.084 Liquid vs. Jelly Form of Extract85 ( Crude Method of Extraction )86 Treatment87 Sum of Extract88 Test89 Liquid signifier of Extract90 Jelly Form of Extract91 Voltage ( V )92 Voltage ( V )93 Crude Method of Extraction94 I95 Two96 Three97 Table 3.198 Liquid vs. Jelly Form of Extract99 ( Ethanol Method of Extraction )100 Treatment101 Sum of Extract102 Test103 Liquid signifier of Extract104 Jelly Form of Extract105 Voltage ( V )106 Voltage ( V )107 Ethanol Method of Extraction108 I109 Two110 Three111 Chapter V112 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS113 Summary:114 Decision:115 Recommendations: B. Statement of the Problem This survey entitled MOB Electricity: Malunggay Bark Extract as Alternative Source of Electricity intends to look into the feasibleness of Malunggay ( Moringa oleifera ) bark infusion as an alternate beginning of electricity. Specifically, this survey sought to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. Is there a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction? 2. Is there a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction? 3. Is there a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid and jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction? 4. Is there a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from changing sums of malunggay bark infusion? C. Hypotheses 1. Holmium: There is no important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction. Hour angle: There is a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction. 2. Holmium: There is no important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction. Hour angle: There is a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction. 3. Holmium: There is no important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid and jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction. Hour angle: There is a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid and jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction. 4. Holmium: There is no important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from changing sums of malunggay bark infusion. Hour angle: There is a important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from changing sums of malunggay bark infusion. Slaughterhouse-five - Realitivity Of Time EssayChanging the Amount of Bark Extract Sum of bark infusion obtained through petroleum and ethanol extraction was varied for each intervention. 5 milliliter of infusion was allotted to Treatment I, 10 milliliter for Treatment II, and 15 milliliter for Treatment III. Preparation of Jelly Form of Malunggay Bark Extract In a beaker, changeless volume ( 5 milliliter ) of H2O was poured and heated to 70oC. When H2O reaches the specified temperature, changeless sum ( 10 g ) of gelatin pulverization was added into the H2O. Then, the solution was continuously stirred. Before the solution solidifies, the assigned sum of extract per intervention was poured without halting the stirring procedure. Material was instantly removed from heat. Measuring Voltage Zinc home base and C rod were installed to each intervention. From these electrodes, multitester was connected to mensurate electromotive force. Measurement was done for five times. Subsequently, electromotive force measured from each intervention was recorded. METHODOLOGICAL FLOWCHART Gathering of Materials/Equipments Collection of Zinc Plate and Carbon Rod Preparation of Malunggay Bark Extract Set-up 1 Liquid Form of Extract Set-up 2 Jelly Form of Extract Crude Extraction Ethanol Extraction Crude Extraction Ethanol Extraction Treatment I: 5 milliliters Extract Treatment II: 10 milliliters Extract Treatment III: 15 milliliters Extract Treatment I: 5 milliliters Extract 5 ml Water 10 g Gelatin Powder Treatment II: 10 milliliters Extract 5 ml Water 10 g Gelatin Powder Treatment III: 15 milliliters Extract 5 ml Water 10 g Gelatin Powder Measuring Voltage per Treatment Datas Gathering Tabulation and Statistical Analysis of Consequences Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The research workers conducted several experiments. Subsequently, informations and consequences obtained from these experiments were recorded in tabulated from in this chapter. After each tabular array of informations, readings of these consequences were discussed. In the assistance of these readings, the research workers could hold initial appraisal of the hypotheses presented in this paper. Table 1.0 Set-up 1 Crude vs. Ethanol Method of Extraction ( Liquid Form of Extract ) Treatment Sum of Extract Test Crude Extraction Ethanol Extraction Voltage ( V ) Voltage ( V ) Liquid Form of Extract I 5 milliliter 1 1.0 1.2 2 1.6 1.8 3 1.6 1.8 4 1.6 1.2 5 1.6 1.2 Two 10 milliliter 1 2.6 1.2 2 2.7 1.1 3 2.7 1.0 4 2.6 1.0 5 2.7 1.0 Three 15 milliliter 1 2.7 1.0 2 2.7 1.0 3 2.7 1.0 4 2.7 1.0 5 2.7 1.0 Table 1.0 shows that liquid signifier of petroleum bark infusion generated higher and more unvarying sum of electromotive force than liquid signifier of ethanol bark infusion. In add-on, for petroleum bark infusion, sum of electromotive force additions as sum of infusion additions. Table 2.0 Set-up 2 Crude vs. Ethanol Method of Extraction ( Jelly Form of Extract ) Treatment Sum of Gelatin Powder ( g ) Volume of Water ( milliliter ) Volume of Extract ( milliliter ) Test Crude Extraction Ethanol Extraction Voltage ( V ) Voltage ( V ) Jelly Form of Extract I 10 5 5 1 2.0 1.0 2 2.0 1.0 3 2.0 1.2 4 2.0 1.2 5 2.0 1.2 Two 10 5 10 1 1.8 1.4 2 1.8 1.2 3 1.8 1.4 4 1.5 1.2 5 1.2 1.2 Three 10 5 15 1 2.5 1.8 2 2.5 1.8 3 2.4 1.8 4 2.4 1.8 5 2.5 1.8 Table 2.0 shows that jelly form of infusion from rough extraction yielded higher sum of electromotive force than jelly signifier of infusion from ethanol extraction. However, more unvarying electromotive force reading is obtained from jelly ethanol bark infusion than jelly rough bark infusion ; as the sum of infusion additions, sum of electromotive force reading additions. Table 3.0 Liquid vs. Jelly Form of Extract ( Crude Method of Extraction ) Treatment Sum of Extract Test Liquid signifier of Extract Jelly Form of Extract Voltage ( V ) Voltage ( V ) Crude Method of Extraction I 5 milliliter 1 1.0 2.0 2 1.6 2.0 3 1.6 2.0 4 1.6 2.0 5 1.6 2.0 Two 10 milliliter 1 2.6 1.8 2 2.7 1.8 3 2.7 1.8 4 2.6 1.5 5 2.7 1.2 Three 15 milliliter 1 2.7 2.5 2 2.7 2.5 3 2.7 2.4 4 2.7 2.4 5 2.7 2.5 Table 3.0 shows that both signifier of petroleum bark infusion generated comparatively high sum of electromotive force. Even so, jelly rough bark infusion yielded fluctuating sum of electromotive force as the sum of infusion additions. Table 3.1 Liquid vs. Jelly Form of Extract ( Ethanol Method of Extraction ) Treatment Sum of Extract Test Liquid signifier of Extract Jelly Form of Extract Voltage ( V ) Voltage ( V ) Ethanol Method of Extraction I 5 milliliter 1 1.2 1.0 2 1.8 1.0 3 1.8 1.2 4 1.2 1.2 5 1.2 1.2 Two 10 milliliter 1 1.2 1.4 2 1.1 1.2 3 1.0 1.4 4 1.0 1.2 5 1.0 1.2 Three 15 milliliter 1 1.0 1.8 2 1.0 1.8 3 1.0 1.8 4 1.0 1.8 5 1.0 1.8 Table 3.1 shows that as sum of liquid ethyl alcohol bark infusion additions, sum of measured electromotive force lessenings. For jelly signifier of bark infusion from ethanol extraction, electromotive force reading additions, as the sum of said extract additions. Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary: This survey entitled MOB Electricity: Malunggay Bark Extract as Alternative Source of Electricity aspires to turn out if malunggay bark infusion could be a possible beginning of electricity and to determine if there would be a important difference when the method of extraction, signifier of infusion, and sum of infusion are varied. In order to prove the feasibleness of malunggay bark infusion as alternate beginning of electricity, the research workers prepared two different set-ups and under each set-up there are three interventions. For the 2nd set-up, sum of gelatin pulverization and sum of H2O used in each intervention were controlled. Then, electromotive force was measured in each intervention per set-up for five times utilizing a multi-tester. The consequences obtained from different set-ups were analyzed utilizing Two-Factor ANOVA with Replication. The consequences are summarized as follows: On the first set-up, statistical analysis showed that there is important difference in the sum of electromotive force measured from liquid signifier of malunggay bark infusion when method of extraction and sum of infusion were varied. On the 2nd set-up, statistical analysis showed that there is important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured from jelly signifier of malunggay bark infusion when obtained through different extraction method. Furthermore, statistically important difference besides exists on the sum of electromotive force reading when the sum of said signifier of infusion was varied. Statistical analysis of Tables 3.0 and 3.1 indicate that there is important difference on the sum of electromotive force measured when the signifier of infusion and sum of infusion were varied. Decision: Based on the consequences of statistical analysis and observations, the research workers conclude that malungggay bark infusion could be a feasible alternate beginning of electricity. Furthermore, the people behind this survey were able to detect that the 15 milliliter liquid signifier of infusion obtained through rough extraction yielded the highest and most stable sum of electromotive force among all the interventions done. Recommendations: In this survey the research workers encountered some hinderances which limited the range of the probe. Hence, merely trial for the feasibleness of malunggay bark infusion as an alternate beginning of electricity was conducted. However, the survey does non stop with this aim. There are other factors related to electricity coevals in malunggay bark infusion that should be considered. Research workers would wish to suggest the followers to other people who consider prosecuting this undertaking: Further addition volume of infusion in order to obtain higher electromotive force reading. Convert the infusion in a signifier that will ease easier and more stable electromotive force measuring. Capable the infusion to chemical analysis to find the constituent responsible for electricity coevals. Develop a manner to tackle electricity from the infusion.